How to Obtain Belgian Citizenship by Residency in 2025
Belgian citizenship by residency, also known as naturalization, offers long-term residents the chance to become citizens of a country known for its historic cities, world-class chocolate, and central European location. Governed by the Federal Public Service (FPS) Home Affairs, Belgium typically requires 5 years of legal residence, along with integration and language criteria. A Belgian passport ranks among the top globally for travel freedom.
Whether you're living in Brussels, Antwerp, or Ghent, Belgium offers a high quality of life, strong public services, and access to the heart of the EU. This 2025 guide walks you through who qualifies, how long you must reside in Belgium, the documents you’ll need, fees, and insider tips for success.
Who Qualifies for Citizenship by Residency?
Belgian citizenship is available to legal residents who meet these main criteria:
| Requirement | Details |
|---|---|
| Residency | 5 years uninterrupted legal residence (may vary with conditions). |
| Age | 18+ (minors apply through parents). |
| Criminal Record | No serious convictions or ongoing investigations. |
| Economic Activity | Proof of integration via employment, education, or tax contributions. |
| Language | Dutch, French, or German proficiency required (A2 level). |
Dual Citizenship: Belgium allows dual nationality—no need to renounce your original citizenship.
Residency Rules: The 5-Year Track
To qualify for Belgian nationality through residency, you must:
- Legally reside in Belgium for at least 5 years continuously.
- Be registered in the local municipality (commune/gemeente).
- Have a valid residence permit during the entire stay.
Example: Sara moved to Belgium in 2019 and has held a work permit since. If she meets integration and language requirements, she can apply in 2024 or 2025 depending on her circumstances.
How to Apply for Citizenship in Belgium
- Verify Eligibility: Confirm 5+ years legal residence and integration.
- Collect Documents: Residence card, passport, proof of income or employment, integration proof, language certificate, birth certificate.
- Apply at Local Municipality: Submit application at your commune or gemeente. They forward it to the registrar.
- Pay the Fee: As of 2025, the fee is €150.
- Wait for Review: FPS Home Affairs typically takes 4–6 months to process.
- Receive Confirmation: If accepted, you'll receive a citizenship certificate. No oath required in Belgium.
Costs of Belgian Citizenship
| Expense | Cost (2025) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Application Fee | €150 | Paid at municipality upon submission. |
| Language Certificate | €100–€200 | For A2-level in Dutch, French, or German. |
| Document Translations | €30–€70 each | Must be sworn/certified if not in a national language. |
Tips to Ensure Approval
- Register with your local commune early and keep your data up to date.
- Maintain full-time employment or education to show integration.
- Pass a language test at an authorized center (often organized through community education).
- Keep originals and certified translations for all documents.
- Track your residence history—missing registration days can delay eligibility.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can I keep my original nationality?
Yes, Belgium permits dual citizenship without requiring renunciation.
2. What language must I speak?
French, Dutch, or German—depending on your region. A2 level required.
3. Do I need to live in Belgium the entire 5 years?
Yes, legal and uninterrupted residence is mandatory.
4. What if I was born in Belgium?
Children born in Belgium to foreign parents may be eligible earlier under specific rules.
5. Are there changes in 2025?
No major reforms announced yet. Always verify with your local municipality.
References & Resources
Become a Belgian Citizen in 2025!
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