How to Obtain Russian Citizenship by Residency in 2025
Russian citizenship can be acquired by foreigners who have legally resided in the country and meet the criteria under the standard or simplified naturalization process. Overseen by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Russia offers paths for skilled professionals, spouses, Soviet-born individuals, and long-term residents.
This 2025 guide outlines the residency rules, legal steps, language exams, application documents, and practical tips for securing Russian citizenship through permanent residency.
Who Is Eligible?
You may be eligible for Russian citizenship by naturalization if you:
| Requirement | Details |
|---|---|
| Residency | 5 years with permanent residency (after TRP for 1 year). |
| Language | Russian language certificate (A2+ required). |
| Income | Proof of legal income sufficient to support yourself. |
| No Criminal Record | Clean criminal background check. |
| Renounce Prior Citizenship | Required (exceptions for Belarus, Kazakhstan, etc.). |
Note: Russia does not allow dual citizenship in most cases—exceptions exist via treaties.
Residency Pathway to Citizenship
The standard path includes:
- Temporary Residence Permit (TRP): Valid for 3 years, must live in Russia 1 year minimum.
- Permanent Residence Permit (PRP): Apply after 1 year of TRP; valid indefinitely.
- Citizenship Application: Eligible after 5 years on PRP (or earlier if simplified route applies).
Simplified Route: Only 1 year required for certain categories: Russian-speaking nationals, former USSR citizens, spouses of Russian citizens (with children), or highly qualified specialists.
How to Apply for Russian Citizenship
- Obtain or hold valid Permanent Residence Permit.
- Pass the Russian Language & History Test (TRKI A2 minimum).
- Gather required documents (see below).
- Submit application to the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) regional office.
- Pay the state duty (fee).
- Wait for decision (processing time: 6–12 months).
Documents Required (2025)
- Valid passport and notarized translation
- TRP or PRP permit
- Language certificate (Russian A2+)
- Proof of legal income and employment
- Criminal record certificate
- Proof of renunciation of previous citizenship (if required)
- State duty payment receipt
Costs & Fees (2025)
| Fee | Amount | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Citizenship Application Fee | RUB 3,500 | Paid to MVD when submitting application. |
| Language Test Fee | RUB 5,000–6,500 | Varies by provider. |
| Translations / Notary | RUB 500–2,000 per document | All foreign documents must be certified in Russian. |
Tips for a Successful Application
- Keep residence uninterrupted—long absences can reset your eligibility.
- Take a prep course for the Russian language exam.
- Use official translations and apostille where required.
- Track your PRP validity and submit early to avoid delays.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can I keep dual citizenship with Russia?
Generally no, unless you’re from a country with a bilateral agreement (e.g., Kazakhstan, Tajikistan).
2. How long must I live in Russia?
5 years of permanent residency (after 1 year with TRP) for standard applicants; 1 year for simplified categories.
3. What’s the language requirement?
Minimum A2 level in Russian, proven via a certified test.
4. Do I have to give up my other citizenship?
Yes, unless exempt. Proof of renunciation is usually required before final approval.
5. How long does it take?
6 to 12 months after submission. Simplified cases are faster.
References & Resources
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